Kennel cough—officially known as Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (CIRDC)—is one of the most common reasons dog owners visit the vet. If you’ve ever heard a sharp, honking cough from your pup after a trip to the groomer or dog park, you’ve likely encountered it firsthand.

While many cases are mild, kennel cough can lead to more serious health complications, especially in puppies, seniors, and dogs with underlying conditions. At Star of Texas Veterinary Hospital in Austin, we’re here to help you understand how to recognize it early, manage it effectively, and—most importantly—prevent it.

Learn more about CIRDC from the AVMA

What Causes Kennel Cough—and Why It Spreads So Easily

Kennel cough isn’t caused by just one virus or bacteria. It’s a group of infectious agents that irritate a dog’s upper airway. The most common players include:

  • Bordetella bronchiseptica, a highly contagious bacteria
  • Canine parainfluenza virus and adenovirus, which damage airway linings
  • Additional bacteria like Mycoplasma, which can worsen symptoms

These germs thrive in shared environments—think kennels, doggy daycare, groomers, shelters, and busy dog parks. Kennel cough spreads much like the human cold: through direct contact, airborne droplets, and contaminated surfaces like bowls or toys.

For more on respiratory risks, see this guide from AAHA

Recognizing Kennel Cough Symptoms Early

One of the most telltale signs of kennel cough is the distinctive “goose honk” cough—dry, hacking, and often triggered by excitement or pressure on the throat. You might also notice:

  • Sneezing or a runny nose
  • Watery eyes or mild lethargy
  • Gagging or retching, often mistaken for vomiting
  • White, foamy mucus

In most dogs, the symptoms are annoying but not dangerous. But if the coughing persists for more than a week or is accompanied by wheezing, loss of appetite, or extreme fatigue, it’s time to call your vet.

Some more serious conditions—like collapsed trachea (especially in toy breeds) or heart disease—can look similar. If you’re unsure, always err on the side of caution.

Learn about collapsed trachea in dogs – AKC
 Schedule an exam at Star of Texas Veterinary Hospital

How Vets Diagnose and Treat Kennel Cough

For mild cases, your vet may be able to diagnose kennel cough through a physical exam and by reviewing your dog’s recent exposure history. In more severe or unclear cases, we may recommend:

  • Chest X-rays, to rule out pneumonia or heart-related causes
  • PCR testing, to identify which virus or bacteria is involved

Home Care for Mild Cases

Most dogs recover at home with a little TLC. We recommend:

  • Rest and limited activity to reduce coughing fits
  • Plenty of fluids—water or low-sodium broth to soothe the throat
  • A humidifier or steamy bathroom time to ease congestion

Medical Treatment for Moderate to Severe Cases

If symptoms persist or worsen, treatment may include:

  • Cough suppressants, used cautiously to help your dog rest
  • Antibiotics, especially if we suspect a bacterial infection
  • Monitoring for signs of pneumonia in vulnerable dogs

Preventing Kennel Cough: Vaccines and Smart Choices

Vaccination: Your Best Line of Defense

There are several types of vaccines that help protect against kennel cough—each designed with different needs in mind:

  • Intranasal spray: Fast-acting and typically given annually
  • Oral vaccine: Easy to administer and covers Bordetella
  • Injectable vaccine: Useful for dogs who dislike nasal sprays

Vaccines don’t prevent 100% of cases, but they significantly reduce severity and risk—especially in high-risk dogs.

Avoiding Risky Situations

When possible, avoid crowded dog areas during outbreaks. Ask your groomer, daycare, or boarding facility about their cleaning protocols and vaccine requirements. Proper ventilation and disinfection go a long way.

High-Risk Dogs Need Extra Protection

Some dogs are more likely to develop complications from kennel cough, including:

  • Puppies under 6 months, with still-developing immune systems
  • Senior dogs, who may have underlying conditions
  • Dogs with chronic respiratory disease or immune compromise

If your dog falls into one of these categories, talk with your vet about extra precautions—such as avoiding group settings or adjusting vaccine schedules.

When to Call Us

Don’t ignore a lingering cough—especially if your dog seems tired, won’t eat, or struggles to breathe. Kennel cough is highly treatable, but it’s best to catch it early and monitor closely.

At Star of Texas Veterinary Hospital, we provide expert guidance on vaccination, symptom management, and safe socialization so your pup can stay protected without missing out on fun.

Schedule an appointment or call us today

Kennel cough is common—but it doesn’t have to be complicated. With smart prevention, prompt care, and the right vaccines, your dog can stay healthy and happy, no matter where they roam.

Let us help you create a plan that protects your dog’s health—and your peace of mind.